The effects debate blog task

1)  No i do not play violent video games or watch violent movies and i am not violent in real life.

2) Whenever i see a product being advertised on TV i sometimes have a look if i want to buy it if it looks good or if its a valuable product.

3) I haven't really seen a documentary that has drawn my attention to a certain topic.

2) The four categories of different effects theories:

• Direct effect theories 
• Diffusion Theories
• Indirect effect theories 
• The pluralist approach

3)The examples provided for the hypodermic needle theory are child's play the murder of Jamie Bulgar, Marilyn Manson The columbine high school shootings, Natural Born killers as a number of murders took place within couples and director was sued for inciting violence.

4) The 1999 columbine massacre happened on the 20th of April 1999, two teens went on a shooting spree at columbine High School in littleton, Colorado, killing 13 people and wounding more than 20 others before turning their guns on themselves and committing suicide. In the aftermath of the shootings, many schools across america  enacted zero tolerance rules regarding disruptive  behaviour and threats of violence from students. This school re opened later in the year 1999 but still left a huge impact within the community.

5) The reason why this massacre could have took place would have been due to the teenagers were not seeing themselves as fitting in with their peers and the school and could have been a result of the internet and violent movies and games and along with how easily they got access to weapons.

6) Gerbner's cultivation theory suggests that the media has a impact on a individuals attitude rather behaviour and conveys the idea that as one one format of media doesn't have too much effect but repeated exposure does as the audience doesn't pay that much attention to them as they appear normal to the audience as they becomes desensitised to it.

7)The front page of the daily mail links to the cultivation theory as it says that children are glued to technology for four hours a day which suggests that even though this harmful towards a child's health it has become normalised as that is what all children are doing they spend their time on the internet more than they do outside.

8) The fact sheet suggests that as violence is films is becoming more and the audience is being shown it more it is causing the audience to become desensitised towards it and the audience realise why its being used in certain narratives because they are able to socialise with these specific characters.

9) The criticisms of the direct effects theory is that critics see both these direct theories

a judgement is being made about the mass audience as they are assumed to be easily led and
not perceptive or self-aware.  Also this theory identifies the media as being a negative influence but doesn't consider forms of 'high art' in the same way.

10)The 1970's sitcom love thy neighbour may be controversial in today's society due to audience interpreting many things in different ways as it is polysemic and not everyone would agree with this view. The reception theory suggests that the audience create meanings in different ways as there is a dominant preferred meaning, a oppositional reading and negotiated  reading as audience only accepts part of the producers views.

11) The examples provided for Stuart hall's reception theory is the Sun newspaper and this suggests that values are bypassed every time an audience member ignores the reporting and opinion to read the TV guide and sports pages.

12)The Audience theory that I believe is most convincing is the uses and Gratifications theory as it is an approach to understanding why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs. I think this theory outlines the way audiences interpret meaning and definition for the media really well and it is important to develop critical antonmy because audiences will be able to develop understanding of different media and able to identify fake news. The hypodermic needle suggests that everything is injected to the audience and they perceive it without thinking this may only be true to some extent as people are now more media literate.

Audience theory 2

1) The social learning theory doesn't necessarily simplify the cause of violence in society as it depends what the audience interpretations are about the violence being portrayed and how it is consumed by them therefore the anti social behaviour could be due to how the audiences are interpreting the behaviour and how they overcome this as different people will have different notions of this as a whole.

2)The new generation may be learning behaviours from the media especially now days because of how the media is presenting people and this results in people changing their own behaviour for example celebrities being conveyed with different styles and language which may be copied due to the status they gain and this may help someone else also gain the same status. Also the adverts use celebrities to portray different brands resulting in that brand being bought more due to the perspectives that audiences hold about the advert itself.

3)examples of moral panic from last fifty years:
1) The examples of moral panics are things like human abuse and attacks that happen around the area and this heightens emotions for the people that live there because of the events that take place and also the fact that now there is increase in. For example any illnesses that also come out like Ebola and bird flew these effect people's lives and create moral panic in people's minds. Also the violence in video games and how this is effecting the youth now can also create moral panic due to the fact that how they are acting after playing these games.

4) The techno panics examples that are given which are a result in fear to increase is the internet and increase of technology because these factors made the audience take the new generation into consideration as many assumed they would not go out and meet people but instead just make them stay indoors glued to the internet which means they would become more introverted as a result and many people would fear this due to the activities that take over certain individuals.

5) Techno panics should be addressed via societal learning, experimentation, resiliency, and coping strategies rather than regulation. this is because if it doesn't happen this way it will limit the use of the internet and make it less beneficial for everyone else.

6) The internet could be controlled but if this was the case it would create more people wanting to see different things on the internet which would result in hacks and this would be all over the news most of the time and especially now the media would tremendously exaggerate. Furthermore now people can control what is shown on the internet to their kids and the younger children because companies allow on what they can access which make it easier for them. Therefore I don't think the government needs to deal with the control over the internet.

7) Gerber's cultivation theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid. I believe that the now everyone is more media literate and understand differences between difference types of news that the media give out. furthermore the fact that there are more abusers and cyber bullying there are many ways of tackling this now so audiences are less likely to be shocked and are therefore more desensitised.

8) Heavy internet use is not something we necessarily need to be afraid of because now everyone uses it much more and this is mostly for socialising or domestic purposes. The fact that the younger generation use the internet more and rely on it this may be worrying as this makes them want to go out less so this may be a factor that makes the use of heavy internet much more worrying.

Audience theory 1:

Hypodermic needle model:

1)This Article links to the hypodermic needle model because this game that was being played was increasing the aggressive behaviour amongst young adults because of what they were seeing and as a result it was having a long term affect via what was being shown through this game as the violence increased aggression and this links with the hypodermic needle model as it injects the information gradually to have a long term effect.  Furthermore there was results showing that those who played the violent games had an increase in their hostile expectations-meaning there were more likely to think the characters would react with aggression or violence.

2)This Article front page link to the hypodermic needle model because the cover line mentions the boy being addicted to video games who never got out of his room and this conveys the fact that the by was playing such games that made him to do this and enabled him from going out and this may influence the audience to judge his character. As there  are no other particular reasons why this boy may have committed this crime it may be criticised because of this.

Two Step Flow Model:

1)The two step model suggest that the media is led by opinion leaders and that  the hypodermic needle model is too simplistic and i think that this may be true to some extent as the media does try to make people believe in types of news that may not completely be true but exaggerated and the two step model may suggest that not all media factors are important which means that audience has become more media literate suggesting change has taken place despite some news being over emphasised in the media as all audiences interpret these in ways as media is seen to be polysemic.

2)This YouTube blogger fits in with the two step model because he has many subscribers suggesting that his views are taken into account and make value his opinion. Furthermore  there is a huge influence towards the audience because of his videos.

3)This article from the telegraph shows how this can be linked with the two step model as it does show how easily audiences can be easily influenced through the media and the social media can have huge impact through the audience.

4) Jamal Edwards links to the two step model because of the way he reached success so quickly shows his position is the media is much higher and he is being used in the media to influence other teens and convey his position within the media. Therefore it shows how the two step model says that the media mediates from the opinion leaders and this is a main example that is following this model.

uses and gratification

Media:

TV:                     
Diversion:
TV would be watched, to relax after a long day of work or school so this could be for entertainment wise. E.g The Simpsons
         
personal relationships:
To explore the genre of reality TV.   

personal identity
This could be used for identification so that we can find out more about ourselves and learn different ways of doing things through television.e.g love island     

surveillance
watching TV so that we can find out more about what is going on around us e.g: lives of celebrities.

Other broadcast radio and cinema:

Diversion: 
Radio and cinema could be used to escape from reality and divert your own attention so you feel more relaxed and this creates a fantasy.e.g classical

Personal relationships:
Fulfils the need for companionship in our daily lives and makes you feel more social e.g going to the cinema with a group of friends


Personal identity:
Watching these movies may make you able to represent yourself in a certain way and make you feel more satisfied in how to approach things.

Surveillance:

These could be used to keep up with updates e.g a film series or a particular sport that you may enjoy so that you aren't behind on anything.

Print:

Diversion:

Magazines and books could be read to escape everything going on around us as you can sit and read about the new characters or songs or movies that will be coming out.

Personal relationships:

 Questions that are shown on magazines and books can make you keep updated.

Personal identity:

If  there are questions displayed on certain magazines books or posters these advertise opportunities for readers to get involved.e.g vogue magazine

Surveillance:

Allows you to be updated on what is happening.

E media:

Diversion:

certain individuals may use these n different ways as some people may use it to relax where as other may use it for tension free needs.

Personal relationships:

These may reassure a persons status and make them able to gain credibility and stabilise as people change their lifestyle accordingly after watching certain adverts.

Personal Identity:Some audiences like to watch or read media texts because they can compare their life experiences with those represented in it. Audience pleasure comes from empathising and identifying with characters or content represented in them. Soap operas or lifestyle magazines can offer audiences this kind of enjoyment.

Surveillance:

This may allow them to get useful information for a living and make people shop online and gain things for a cheaper price.e.g amazon

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MIGRAIN october assessment learner response

1) WWW:  Solid Grasp and application of theory
     EBI: you need to be more detailed in your interpretation of the meaning of texts, especially Q4

Points missed out in each question:

1) Propp's character types

2)Add more detailed differences about both adverts.

3)For this question i missed out Genre Theorists

4) I Needed to add more types of counter hegemonic readings.

3) Exemplar response points comparison:

1) For the first question i missed out the types of enigma and action codes within this advert.

2)Talk about various audience viewpoints

3)Break up my points in different paragraphs and include better interpretation

4)Add in interpretation and add in different types of hegemonic readings

4) I didn't get any media terminology wrong but I did miss out some key theorists like Ambercrombie and Levi Strauss and Propp.

5) My strongest question was question one because I revised narrative theory very well and knew both theorists.

6) My weakest question was Question 4 as i lost a lot of marks because my interpretation wasn't clear enough and i didn't add enough detail about each of the readings.

7) Question 4 Re written:

In my opinion Figure 3 illustrates a variety of readings as different audiences can interpret this in different ways.

The central image of this magazine which is shown is Miguel who is an R&B star and very popular and recognised amongst different nations. Hall's reception theory can be applied to this poster because adverts are seen to be polysemic. The preferred reading is what the producer wants the audience to think so from this poster the producer want to reveal the success story of this particular star because certain typographies  convey this as there is lots of informal language that is used within this to portray his life changing experience through this challenging nature of the poster.
This may also be depicting the different stereotypes that have been used for example, 'sex drugs and R&B' could be stating the fact that this star Miguel has got his success through many different aspects of bad culture reinforcing to the audience that he has challenged authority.

Furthermore,the use of the jewellery is very reflective within this poster as it creates a 'bling' look for this star this may be stereotyping the urban culture of music because it is reinforcing his fame and success but also convey the lack of education through this look. Also the fact that the poster refers to "Who is The music's number one genius?" could be highlighting the fact that some audiences may not agree that Miguel is the number one music star so this may contribute to the oppostional readings.This certain look may be used to intrigue  teens especially because of his body language and the dress up look used. This may also put the audience against this poster as they might view this urban music street culture as something that is receptive towards the audience.

In addition to this, Hall's reception theory states the fact that there can also be negotiated reading that can be made which is that audiences may adopt somewhere between the two extremes of this particular poster, as it could be purposefully centralising this image of Miguel R&B star to overcome other music stars but the audience may disagree with as there open interpretations that could be made against the question, "Who is the musics number one genius?" this could lead the audiences towards different connotations of this music poster as it may engage with different audiences accordingly as the informal language and politics that is used to describe it can be negotiated depending different audiences.

In conclusion Stuart Hall's reception theory does arrange over the interpretations that could be made of this poster as it can be viewed accordingly based on different audiences perspectives.

Feedback on question 4:

Psychographics: pair presentations